Current Situation
on Recovery and Utilization of Recovered Paper in Japan
Haruo Takayanagi
Paper Recycling Promotion Center
The collection and the utilization of the recovered paper in Japan,
has expanded rapidly for these several years owing to the supply
and demand of recovered paper both industry’s effort.
It was achieved the target in the fiscal year 2003, as to the
target of the utilization rate of the recovered paper moving up
60% by
the fiscal year 2005.
Especially, the amount of the recovered paper usage has been exceeded
more than amount of the recovered paper collection as of 2000,
and so the amount of recovered paper export to foreign countries
has been increased.
On the other hand, we have many problems on the balance of recovered
paper supply and demand in Japan, and on the instability of recovered
paper prices according to expansion of recovered paper collection
amount and increasing of recovered paper export. Additionally,
there are problems like the recovered paper availability target
after the fiscal year 2005 and the recovered paper quality control
in the collection process.
It introduced the current state about these points, and described
the way of the paper recycling improvement in the future with this
report.
A Report on Investigation on Recyclability of the Troublesome Paper
Materials in Paper Recycling Process
Atsushi Watanabe
Research Development Div., Pulp and Research Laboratory, Oji paper
Co., Ltd.
Mitsuhiro Sugino
Production Dept. Technical and Engineering Div., Nippon Paper Industries,
Co., Ltd.
The Japan Federation of Printing Industry (JFPI) has been starting
the project to support the development of recyclable paper-based
products since 2002. The main activity of the project is to investigate
the recyclability of the paper materials which were thought to be
difficult to recycle such as “gold, silver, pearl, UV ink printed
paper, varnished paper, and plastic laminated.” The lab experiment
was completed in 2002 and the pilot plant trial was done in 2003.
Base on the results, JFPI suggested the probability for the real
usage of the materials in the industry.
This paper reported the results of the recyclability evaluation
on ten paper-based materials. The samples were following; offset
gold,
silver, pearl ink printed, UV ink printed, gravure gold ink printed,
gold-gilt paper, two types of hybrid UV ink printed, UV varnished,
and PP laminated paper. Offset gold, silver, pearl printed and hybrid
UV ink printed turned to be appropriate for recycling. On the other
hand, rest of the paper materials was not suitable for recycling
due to rough and large ink particle or fragmented film remained in
the recycled pulp.
The next step is to propagate the recyclable materials. Then following
step shall be needed; 1) reflecting the results to the standards
of the industry, 2) preparing signs or indications for recyclable
paper materials, 3) public support for the recycling facilities,
4) public education on recycling.
ModuScreen™ A - the Modular Screening Principle
Jukka Rinne
Andritz OY
Mirka Sireni
Andritz AG,
Yosuke Takeshita
Andritz KK
The new ModuScreen™ A presents a completely new screening family
that has been developed for the pulp and paper industry. It is based
on experience from more than 2000 plants supplied worldwide since
1950.
Many new ideas were used in developing the new Andritz ModuScreen™ A pressure screen series. Special attention was given to the hydraulic
requirements of the housing in combination with the rotor to achieve
optimum flow conditions for highest screening efficiency and reliability.
The ModuScreen™ A pressure screen series was designed to have exactly
the right combination of screen cylinder (slot width and profile,
cylinder diameter/height ratio) and rotor (foil or solid type) for
each process, from DIP fine screening to kraft pulp screening. Since
it is so flexible we are able to achieve cost-effective solutions
combined with highest screening efficiency.
The Introduction of Latest Technologies for Contaminants Separation
at Loop 1 Stage in Advanced Deinking System
Masakazu Eguchi
Application Engineering Dept.,
Voith IHI Paper Technology Co., Ltd.
Pulping, Screening at Loop 1 stage are very important technologies
for removing contaminants in Deinking system. Effective and economical
stock preparation system always require to develop new system,
new equipment and innovative technology in order to get high
cleanliness, minimal fiber losses and investment costs.
This presentation picks up some of the latest technologies of
sticky contaminants removal for DIP processes, particularly Pulping
and Screening at Loop 1 stage based on actual references in Japan,
Europe and other countries.
How is the Latest Technologies for Sticky Removal of DIP
Takeshi Kanazawa
Aikawa Iron Works Co., Ltd.
One of the most important subjects for DIP is now how to handle
the sticky problems. For optimum sticky removal, it is required
to combine various “Separation Technologies” appropriately, such
as Pulping, Screening, Cleaning, Dispersing, Floatation and Wet-End
approaching.
This paper introduces the latest developed equipment, especially,
new screening machine and dispersing equipment, relating to sticky
removal.
Deinking Agent for Used Paper Printed with UV Curable Ink
Makoto Wakatsuki
Chiba Research Laboratory, Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
The paper manufacturing industry in Japan is trying hard to reach
its goal to raise the percentage of waste paper recycling to 60%
by 2005. To achieve this target, relatively low grade waste paper
must be used, while at the same time, the quality of de-inked pulp
must be improved. For significantly increasing the use of lower grade
waste paper, maintaining regenerated pulp quality, removing foreign
materials and selection of waste paper must be conducted.
In recent years, printed materials with UV curable ink are often
included in waste paper. The ink in the paper printed with UV curable
ink is difficult to remove in the deinking process. As the amount
of the waste paper in the printed materials increases, the quality
of the DIP decreases dramatically. However, there is no feasible
method to measure the exact mixing amount of the UV curable ink printed
materials. Therefore, we have developed a deinking agent with a new
function. This new function has exceptional ability to remove UV
curable ink.
This is to report a de-inking agent that can produce high quality
deinked pulp.
De-inking Agent and Assist Agent for Recycling Paper
Takashi Tanaka
Paper & Pulp Group, Specialty Chemical Department,
Research & Department Division, NICCA CHEMICAL Co., Ltd.
We have been used recycling magazines with lack of wastepaper.
Then less refining and developing flocculation pitch occurred
from special coating component or paste resin. Until recently,
high molecular form-nonionic activator was used for de-inking
agent. However, a single element composition is not enough activator
to penetrate and disperse. To make hybrid the action of the activator
provides excellent de-inking performance that does not make above
problems.
Also, using polycyclic oligomerform form-anionic activator shows effect of prevention
of re-adhesion and depression of flocculation of pitch. These composition moderates
having influence to function of activator, like families, permeability, and adsorption.
Generally, in the process of hydrogen peroxide bleaching, sodium silicate is
used for peroxide stabilizer. However, it is piling which soils in the system
and clogs the pipe. Using non-silicate-poly alpha hydroxycarboxylic acid alkali
salt improves bleaching effect and makes recycling paper grater whiteness.
The Technology to Make a High Quality DIP
Yasushi Ikeda
Kao Corporation, Performance Chemicals Research Laboratories
Although the waste paper has been recycled for a long time, further
recycling of the waste paper is recently expected in terms of environmental
preservation and resource conservation. Old newspaper (ONP) has been
mainly used as a furnish for various recycled papers, but it comes
to the limit on amount of side. Therefore it is desired to utilize
the lower grade waste paper (LWP) for recycled papers. Since LWP
is cheaper than ONP, utilizing LWP is economical. Moreover, using
LWP as a furnish contributes to the resource conservation greatly.
However, there are some problems which should be solved when LWP
is recycled. In this paper, the approach to solve these problems
is reported as an example of old magazine waste paper (OMG) which
is one of LWPs.
Needless to say, the deinking is important and additionally the
sticky removal is also required for OMG’s recycling. At first, the
mechanism
of the sticky generation is examined and the concept of sticky removal
is proposed. Sticky is classified into the macro sticky and the micro
one by its behavior. In the actual operation, it was found that the
sticky troubles were often originated from the macro sticky which
the micro sticky became by coagulation.
Therefore, it is very important to remove the micro sticky. The
deinking process was thought to be more effective to remove sticky,
compared
to the papermaking process. Concretely, the flotation process which
was one of the ink removal process in the deinking was selected.
To attach effectively the sticky on air bubble surface was the key
point of this technology. By changing the characteristics of the
sticky surface based on the surface science, the sticky-sticky coagulation
was promoted and the sticky-bubble affinity was increased. The possibility
to remove the sticky was established.
Substances of the Environment-conscious Sheet-fed Ink and Standard
for Offset Printing Services
Tadashi Nakano
Toyo Ink MFG. Co., Ltd., Printing & Information Business HQ,
R&D Division
Over the last decade, environmental issues in Japanese printing
industries have been changed strictly. Many companies are interested
in “environment-conscious
products” for their own printed matters. Three standards of offset
printing are popular as follows,
1: The Japan Federation of Printing Industries” “Green Standard
for Offset Printing Services”
2: Japan environment Association “The Eco Mark Program”
3: Green Purchasing Network “Purchasing Guides line for Offset Printing
Services”
These Standards show main five rules,
A: not use substances harmful to human body
B: not use chloride resin
C: considers substances specified by PRTR law
D: controls VOC emissions
E: considers reducing factors that prevent recycling used papers
Ink manufacturers have been developing new environment-conscious
products on condition that choosing substances according to these
rules.
The Experiences of Dirt Removal from Deinked Pulp
Hiroshi Yamashita
Hachinohe Mill, Mitsubishi Paper Mills Limited
While the utilization rate of waste paper has been increasing in
Japan, the amount of the product arranged the deinked pulp has also
been increasing recently at Hachinohe Mill. This makes the deinked
pulp more important to us. On the other hand, the techniques of
dirt removal, especially sticky particle removal, from the pulp
have become very important because increasing the amount of product
of the deinked pulp sometimes not only caused the quality problem
but also prevented making the deinked pulp.
It is very important to prevent stickies from being subdivided
when we remove them from the pricess . We modified the conditions
of
the defibrating process in order to slow down or prevent stickies
from being subdivided. After several trials, finally, stickies were
effectively removed in the screen stage. Despite the improvement
of sticky particle removal, some very tiny particles of sticky still
remained in the end product of the deinked pulp.
We re-arranged the operating conditions of the disperser in order
to make sticky particles even smaller so that they could be removed
during the washing process. We finally arrived at the better technique
of sticky particle removal from the pulping process and we were
able to create a more stable quality of the deinked pulp.
Keywords:
deinked pulp, dirt, sticky, removal, modify, subdivide, disperser
Dirt Control in DIP Process
−Recent Trend of Dirt and On-line Dirt Measurements−
Yukitsugu Kado
Ishinomaki Mill, Nippon Paper Industries
In DIP process, the troubles of dirt such as stickies and residual
inks are currently increasing at rapidly pace because of downgrading
of recycled paper and improvement of printing technique. Technical
advance of screen and dispersion system is able to achieve more
selective removal of dirt; however, it is hard to solve the issue
of dirt completely. We need knowledge of dirt and instrument to
control it so that we are annoyed with dirt troubles.
On-line dirt counter enables constant surveillance of dirt and
prompt attention without lag lime by measuring it directly in the
pulp slurry on the process. We are taking full advantage of dirt
management since we had phased in it to three DIP processes.
In this paper we present recent trends of dirt and examples of
dirt measurements by using on-line dirt counter.
Keywords: DIP,
dirt, dirt counter, inks, stickies
The Improvement of Efficiency in the Screening in DIP Lines
Hideyuki Nomura
Kanto Mill, Hokuetsu Paper Mills, Ltd.
Since 1975, the Kanto Mill (Katsuta) has produced white board
using largely DIP. DIP lines also have been operated since the
beginning of the mill, and they were remodeled the facilities
several times in order to improve the quality of products, enhance
the treatment of various stocks and increase the output.
Now, two DIP lines are operated, changing sorts of recovered
paper and treated volume, depending on the type of the products.
These days, because of the deterioration of quality of recovered
paper and customers’ demands for low dirt, the main issue is
to improve the efficiency of cleaning in the process, which we
attempted to achieve in the regular operation. However, the capacity
of screening for old magazine was so limited that the DIP lines
were renewed the coarse screens in 2003 and replaced the pre-dewaterers
and fine screens in 2004. As a result, we could achieve reduction
in dirt in the products.
This report shows an overview of the facilities, the operation
and quality improvement by remodeling.
Mill Experience of the Improvement of DIP Quality
Kenji Nagata
Chuetsu Pulp and Paper Co., Ltd., Futatsuka Mill
The use of recycled paper has been promoted in Japan, as the
campaign of recycling rises and the measures of cost reduction
is implemented in the background of prevention from Global Warming
and conservation of the Natural Resources. Recently, the inclination
to such motion has been affecting the supply-demand balance
of waste paper, and then the contamination level has changed
for the worse.
In Futatsuka Mill we also have raised the combination rate of DIP every year.
But under the above-mentioned situation, the sticky trouble has caused the deterioration
of the paper machine operating rate, and although this is a rarely case, pin-hole
due to adhesive object was found at the rotary newspaper press of customer. In
order to solve these problems, while reexamining the revaluation level of dirt
spec, we have been tackling the measures of reduction of DIP dirt spec with strengthening
coarse screen, fine screen and cleaning of light contaminations on the DIP manufacturing
process.
Flotation for Printing and Writing Paper
Yasuto Tanaka
Technology Division, Oji Paper Co., Ltd.
The utilization rate of waste paper reached 60.2% in 2003. The expansion of
utilization for paper instead of board will be necessary to promote above figure
(60.2%).
This will require an improvement of DIP quality close to virgin pulp without
extra cost possible.
In this article, OK Flotator is introduced for high quality as an example of
efficient rotary mixing system. This Flotator can be operated over a wide range
of G/L and atomizer rotation speed to have stable de-inking effect on every ink
sizes depending on material and operation.
Keywords：ONP, de-inking, flotation,
Flotator
Analyses of Mucilaginous Compounds Used in Making Traditional Handmade Paper
Yoon-Hee Han, Masahiro Yanagisawa, Toshiharu Enomae and Akira Isogai
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo
Tadashi Ishii
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
In the case of making Japanese and Korean traditional handmade paper, mucilaginous
compounds extracted from roots of Abelmoschus manihot (Tororo-aoi), Hydrangae
paniculata (Noriutsugi) and others with water are added to bast fiber suspensions
to improve dispersity of the fibers. Although many studies in terms of chemical
structures of mucilaginous compounds and their properties in aqueous solutions
have been reported, there are still many unclear research subjects.
In this study, three mucilaginous compounds extracted from roots of Japanese
and Korean Abelmoschus manihot (JAM and KAM, respectively) and Japanese Hydrangae
paniculata (JHP) are subjected to several chemical analyses to distinguish these
compounds. Neutral sugar and uronic acid composition analysis clearly gave different
results among the three mucilage samples. The major metal elements were sodium
and calcium for the JAM and JHP samples, while that was potassium for the KAM
sample. The three mucilage samples were distinguishable by their pyrolysis-GC
patterns obtained by the on-line methylation method. Size exclusion chromatographic
analysis attached with a multi-angle laser light scattering detector (SEC-MALS)
of the mucilage solutions in 0.1M NaCl revealed some differences in molecular
mass values and conformations in the solutions among the polysaccharide components
in the three mucilage samples. The JAM and KAM samples had similar weight average
molecular mass values around 2300000-2500000, and the JAM and JHP samples had
similar random-coil molecular conformations. However, it is unknown at this moment
whether or not the obtained differences are applicable to all Japanese and Korean
mucilaginous compounds extracted from plant roots of the same species.
Keywords: mucilage, tororo-aoi, SEC-MALS, FT-IR, sugar composition, pyrolysis-GC
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